Skin

Melasma

Symmetrical brown patches, usually on the cheeks, forehead and upper lip.

What is Melasma?

Melasma is a pigmentation disorder producing symmetrical light to dark brown patches, most often on the cheeks, forehead, upper lip and jawline. It is a chronic condition that tends to fluctuate.

Symptoms

  • Symmetrical brown or greyish-brown patches
  • Irregular but well-defined borders
  • Worsening after sun exposure
  • No itching, scaling or discomfort

Common Causes

  • Ultraviolet and visible light exposure
  • Hormonal factors, including pregnancy and hormonal medication
  • Genetic predisposition
  • Heat and certain irritating cosmetic products

Who May Be Affected

Melasma is most common in women and in people with medium to deeper skin tones, though men can be affected too.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is clinical and may be supported by examination under specialised lighting to judge the depth of pigment, which influences treatment choice.

Treatment Options

  • Prescribed topical depigmenting agents
  • Superficial chemical peels in selected patients
  • Oral therapy where clinically appropriate
  • Rigorous photoprotection including tinted sunscreen
  • Long-term maintenance to reduce recurrence

Prevention & Skincare Advice

  • Apply broad-spectrum, tinted sunscreen daily and reapply
  • Use physical shade — hats, umbrellas, car window film
  • Avoid aggressive scrubs and unregulated bleaching creams
  • Discuss hormonal medication with your doctor

When to See a Dermatologist

Consult a dermatologist early, as untreated melasma may deepen and become harder to manage.

Frequently Asked Questions

Information on this website is for education only and does not replace an in-person consultation with a qualified dermatologist. Treatment suitability is determined after consultation.

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