Eczema

What is Eczema?

Eczema, or dermatitis, is a group of inflammatory conditions in which the skin barrier does not hold moisture well, leading to dryness, itching and inflammation. It often follows a relapsing and remitting course.

Symptoms

• Intense itching, often worse at night
• Dry, rough or scaly patches
• Redness, oozing or crusting in flares
• Thickened skin from long-term scratching
• Cracking on hands, feet or skin folds

Common Causes

• Genetic skin-barrier differences
• Irritants such as soaps, detergents and solvents
• Allergens including dust, pollen and certain metals
• Dry or cold weather, and excessive hot water use
• Stress and sweating in some patients

Who May Be Affected

Eczema often begins in childhood and may continue or recur in adulthood. Hand eczema is common in people with frequent water or chemical exposure.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is clinical. Patch testing may be advised where contact allergy is suspected, and other investigations if the picture is unclear.

Treatment Options

• Regular emollients and barrier repair
• Topical anti-inflammatory prescriptions during flares
• Antihistamines for itch relief where appropriate
• Treatment of secondary infection when present
• Identifying and avoiding personal triggers

Prevention & Skincare Advice

• Moisturise generously and consistently
• Use lukewarm, short showers and soap substitutes
• Wear soft cotton fabrics next to the skin
• Use gloves for cleaning and wet work

Frequently Asked Questions