Hair & Scalp
Dandruff
Flaking and itching of the scalp, often with oiliness or redness.
What is Dandruff?
Dandruff is a common scalp condition producing white or yellowish flakes with itching. It sits on a spectrum with seborrheic dermatitis, which can also affect the eyebrows, nose folds and chest.
Symptoms
- Visible flakes on the scalp, hair and shoulders
- Itching, sometimes worse in cold weather
- Greasy scaling or redness of the scalp
- Increased hair shedding during flares
Common Causes
- Overgrowth of Malassezia yeast on the scalp
- Excess oil production
- Infrequent or excessive hair washing
- Stress, weather changes and hormonal factors
- Product build-up on the scalp
Who May Be Affected
Dandruff is very common from adolescence onwards and tends to recur, particularly in humid or cold seasons.
Diagnosis
The dermatologist examines the scalp to distinguish dandruff from dry scalp, psoriasis or fungal infection, which require different treatment.
Treatment Options
- Medicated shampoos used with correct contact time
- Topical anti-inflammatory therapy for flares
- Scalp treatments for stubborn seborrheic dermatitis
- Maintenance washing schedule to prevent recurrence
Prevention & Skincare Advice
- Wash hair regularly with the advised shampoo
- Leave medicated shampoo on for the recommended time
- Avoid heavy oils if they worsen flaking
- Continue maintenance washes after clearance
When to See a Dermatologist
See a dermatologist if flaking persists despite regular anti-dandruff shampoo, or if the scalp is red, sore or shedding hair.
Frequently Asked Questions
Information on this website is for education only and does not replace an in-person consultation with a qualified dermatologist. Treatment suitability is determined after consultation.
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