Acne

What is Acne?

Acne is a common condition in which hair follicles become blocked with oil and dead skin cells, allowing bacteria to multiply and inflammation to develop. It can appear on the face, chest, back and shoulders and affects teenagers and adults alike.

Symptoms

• Blackheads and whiteheads (comedones)
• Red, tender papules and pus-filled pustules
• Deeper nodules or cysts in more severe cases
• Oiliness and enlarged-looking pores
• Dark marks or scarring after lesions settle

Common Causes

• Excess oil (sebum) production
• Blockage of the follicle by dead skin cells
• Overgrowth of acne-related bacteria
• Hormonal fluctuations, including around periods
• Certain cosmetics, medicines and occlusive products
• Friction from helmets, masks or collars

Who May Be Affected

Acne most commonly begins in the teenage years, but adult acne — particularly along the jawline and chin — is frequently seen in women in their twenties and thirties.

Diagnosis

Acne is diagnosed clinically by examining the type, distribution and severity of lesions. Where hormonal or other underlying factors are suspected, the dermatologist may advise blood investigations.

Treatment Options

• Topical retinoids, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agents
• Oral medication for moderate to severe or resistant acne
• Hormonal treatment where clinically appropriate
• In-clinic procedures such as chemical peels or comedone extraction
• Scar-focused treatment once active acne is controlled

Prevention & Skincare Advice

• Use a gentle, non-stripping cleanser twice daily
• Choose non-comedogenic moisturisers and sunscreen
• Avoid picking or squeezing lesions
• Introduce active ingredients slowly and as advised
• Keep to the prescribed maintenance routine after clearance

Frequently Asked Questions